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Brilliant. I have a “Complete Works of Orson Pratt” volume I inherited from my recently deceased grandfather. I was skimming through it a couple of months ago, and like you, Orson’s mad genius blew my mind. I’ll have to dig it out and share some of my favorite Orsonisms. |
Spiritual atomism, food of the gods, what kind of fluid flows through God’s veins, proof that God and Jesus are polygamists, all this and more, can be found in a copy of THE SEER, which you ought to be able to pick up for $20 or so (reprints of the newspaper he published in D.C. in 1853). Mad genius is right. |
Um, that is actually somewhat contrary to what we have been taught, about being subject to men’s laws. It says so right in our Articles of Faith #12
If men’s laws were illegal in the sight of God, then we would not allow ourselves to be subject to them, would we? |
This sounds like something from Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb or some other Islamist group founder. I’m not sure I see the genius of it. |
So how do we square this with the idea that the US Constitution is inspired? Or even the 12th Article of Faith? |
and yes, I didn’t read Dan’s comment before posting. |
arJ: Here’s how Brigham Young squared this with other teachings: “The Seer [and other writings by Pratt] contain doctrines which we cannot sanction, and which we have felt impressed to disown, so that the Saints who now live, and who may live hereafter, may not be misled by our silence, or be left to misinterpret it. Where these objectionable works, or parts of works, are bound in volumes, or otherwise, they should be cut out and destroyed.” [Deseret News, Aug. 12, 1865, 373; see also B.H. Roberts, Defense of the Faith and the Saints, 2:294 (1912)] Kinda like the more recent denunciation of McConkie’s “Mormon Doctrine”, eh? |
It wasn’t just Brigham Young who had trouble with Pratt’s teachings. Pratt is the only Apostle whose teachings were condemned by a proclamation of the First Presidency and Quorum of Twelve (including O.P himself.) |
On the cosmic scale, it can be argued that Brother Pratt is correct. This is a fallen world and hence all governments on it are but temporary and can only be temporary. I don’t know why Orson Pratt is so castigated for his writings. His writings in “The Seer” were apologetic in nature and he was writing these articles in the absence of counsel that was over 2,000 miles away in SLC. He was merely trying to reason “The Seer”s (Joseph Smith’s) revelations in a manner that was logical to him. The rest of the Quorum of the Twelve and First Presidency were too busy trying to build up Deseret in the wilderness at the time to counsel with Pratt on his writings in the early 1850s. |
Kinda like the more recent denunciation of McConkie’s “Mormon Doctrineâ€, eh? Nice one. I’ve also seen a quote from Brigham Young saying that when someone preaches false doctrine from the pulpit it is better to ignore it and hope that it is forgotten than to draw attention to it by declaring it to be false. So it seems that there are two methods that might be used here and I would guess that the second is much more frequently used than the first. |
Ben There (#7) and Alma (#8)- I was unaware that the condemnation of Elder Pratt’s teachings included his views on the government of God. Can you document this? If not, your comments are misleading and inaccurate in regard to this thread. |
The resolution in this is found in the temporary nature of men’s governments. Also in other scriptural (mainly N.T.) references that state, and some others imply, that man-made governments and rulers are still ordained of God, at least for the reason that God allows or permits them. After all, anything that happens under an omnipotent and omniscent God’s eye is either done by him, or he permits to happen. So yes, they are illegal in the grand cosmic scope of things (which cosmic or universal scope Pratt actually mentions), but God “allows” all sorts of illegal and/or wicked things to temporarily exist for testing purposes. The 12th Article of Faith is essentially temporal in nature, implicitly dealing only with temporary and worldly kings, presidents, rules, etc. Such kings and presidents will either become subject to Christ at his return, or will be removed. Before the United States purchased the land currently known as Utah from Mexico, and before Brigham Young was replaced as territorial governor, the government of the saints there was indeed a theocracy. |
but Bookslinger, take the issue of marriage. God sees a civil marriage or one done under another religion to be valid, and legal, and binding on this earth, even though it is not through his law, or his kingdom. A married couple may be baptized without any question as to how worthy of lives they’ve lived. If their marriage was illegal, done by an illegal organization (civil or other religion) then their marital activities should be brought into question when entering the covenant of baptism. But it isn’t. In fact, the Lord sees it as perfectly okay for even members of the church to get married civilly (not in the Temple) and have it be a perfectly valid and legal contract, even though it was done under man’s institutions. I’m sorry but Orson Pratt’s conclusion is well, off, by a lot. |
Christopher (11): I seem to recall reading about Elder Pratt’s thoughts on government in my copy of THE SEER. I know he talks about how earthly marriages, indeed any marriage not sanctioned by the priesthood of God were actually not marriages at all, and how any procreation outside of Priesthood-sanctioned marriage is against the laws of God. When I get home tonight, I will check to see if THE SEER contains these teachings on government. I do not think President Young ever specifically singled out any of Elder Pratt’s teachings, so it is unclear if BY and the Qo12 were condemning the whole of Pratt’s newspaper, or just urging caution about “some” of his teachings. |
Bookslinger (12): Good point. God does allow a lot of things to happen that are against his law, because we have free agency. Man setting up counterfeit governments would certainly come under free agency. Just as man’s own earthly governments frequently allow things against their earthly laws (how many totally unenforced and unenforceable laws are on the books? Who can count!). God even gave Israel a king even though it was against His plan. But since they had a king, he let it be what it was. |
I would have to agree and disagree wuth OP on this subject. Just as Dan (#13) said, God recognizes civil marriges and respects them for what they are, God also helped the early founders of this country develop a government that was not a theocracy at all. I tend to believe that Gods government needs a little further clarification in OP case. I do agree that on an eternal perspective, that yes, God’s government is the only government recognized by God as holding salvation and sealing powers. We must although, live by the government of God and his laws or be damned to hell. This law is plainly mande manifest to us and the spirits in prison that we must obey Gods commandments in order to be saved. |
Personally, I didn’t think I could come to any real conclusion about this essay until I read more than the couple of paragraphs Matt posted on here. Luckily, I found it online: |
Ah, Sherpa, you caught me. I’ve been reading around on Pratt’s theory of heavenly government and found this discussion quite provocative. Again, I think assumptions about Pratt’s knowledge of the Gospel or the Scriptures (or lack thereof) are problematic at best; rather, it’s useful, I think, to consider his ideas in context, as Bookslinger does. He’s writing at a point poised between the flight from Nauvoo and the establishment of the Territory of Utah; the Saints’ relationship with the United States is perhaps at the lowest point (before the polygamy raids, that is). Theocracy thus seemed a viable alternative, and the Saints’ attempts at it (beginning with the Council of the Fifty) were just getting off the ground. Combine that with their millennialism and Pratt suddenly doesn’t seem so far out there. They could easily argue that the United States had served its purpose and the Saints could wash their hands thereof, and that the 12th AoF only applied insofar as those laws were themselves godly. To Mormons today, firmly ensconced in Protestant religious nationalism and the civil polity, these ideas seem a bit more disturbing, but they were certainly in the air then. See, for example, John Taylor’s Government of God. Dan:
There’s some question as to whether Joseph Smith believed this. See Compton’s Sacred Loneliness, 17-18. Smith certainly felt it to be within his rights to ignore civil marriages when they proved inconvenient – he married several undivorced converts to other men (including himself), for example. Saying this amounted to a wholesale rejection of civil marriage is probably going too far, but it certainly drifts towards Pratt’s supercessionist thinking. |
Dan, you seem to be ignoring my essential point about _scope_. They are not illegal in the temporal sense, they are illegal in the cosmic eternal sense. Section 132 affirms this. Such marriages are null and void after death. The other nuance in which Orson uses “illegal” is merely “not sanctioned” by God. This also harkens back to the “blood atonement” argument. I think it was Bruce R. McConkie who wrote an apologetic item about it, that it was a valid concept under a legitimate God-approved theocratic government. God doesn’t recognize civil marriages as eternally binding, but he certainly allows and tolerates them while we are in this life. According to section 132, and other sections, everything that happens in this world that is not sanctioned by or under the authority of the Priesthood is essentially null and void after death. Matt B: (#18). Orson’s brother Parley also ignored the civil marriage between his last plural wife and her legal husband, from whom she had not yet divorced. The woman left her husband in order to escape his abuse and protect the children. The man sued Parley for “stealing” his wife, but lost the trial. As Parley was leaving town, the man caught up with him, and shot and killed him. Both Parley and the woman are on record as saying that civil marriages had no validity, so they were free to marry. But that attitude pretty much cost Parley his life. |
Bookslinger,
I don’t question their invalidity after death, but whether or not they are valid in the here and now. Clearly the Lord thinks such marriages are perfectly valid. Plenty of Mormons are themselves married just civilly and have no problem taking the sacrament on Sundays even though they assuredly have committed sexual acts.
Plus it creates serious confusion, which is quite contrary to the will of God, as stated in the D&C. There is a reason this line of thinking was dropped with the Pratts, and not continued further. God is a God of Order. If we start going around saying this and that are not valid then what you get is chaos. Even Joseph Smith, if he indeed felt this way, was in the wrong. |
Dan, we’re still talking past each other in the context and scope of the words “legal” and “valid”. I think OP was trying to speak from God’s viewpoint as He looks down upon man’s doings, not as how we are to look upon each other. Clearly the modern church on earth does recognize marriages sanctioned by recognized earthly authorities. How God actually looks upon us and our doings is pure speculation. OP was not shy about speculating, and he tended not to couch such comments as his speculations. And what constitutes a legitimate earthly authority, its scope, its context, etc., is subject to volumes of comment. In the big picture macro level, what we do here on earth by forming governments and authorities is not much different than a micro-level group of castaways on a desserted island forming their own governmental authority or competing authorities, as in “Lord of the Flies” or a science fiction story about a space-ship landing on an uninhabited planet. Man coming to earth and setting up authorities or governments outside of God’s order is sort of like you or I moving to a desserted island and declaring it a country and setting up our own government. I guess I’m cutting OP some slack in the nuancing of his comments, as I would to many of Joseph Smith’s far out comments. Even what we consider as legitimate authority, as in constitutional, is a relatively new and rare concept in the history of the world. |
Bookslinger,
But apparently he and his brother took it further to actually believe that it was okay to not follow man’s laws and unilaterally declare one particular marriage “invalid.” A marriage that conveniently belonged to a woman he was interested in. I can’t just go around and say that I think this or that law of man is invalid and not follow it. There are actual church disciplinary consequences of such a belief. We believe in being subject to man’s laws. It is in our doctrine. It IS quite valid. We really should not be concerned about the bigger picture in this case. What happens to these laws in the afterlife is not our concern right now. We are bound to these laws while we live here on this earth. To say otherwise is to go against the doctrine of the church, found in the Articles of our Faith. Your analogy of men setting up their own government on a deserted island is very apt and fitting to our situation here on earth. However, based on our scriptures and our Articles of Faith, those who form that government are bound by both the laws of the same and of God, because it seems God takes it very seriously when we covenant amongst ourselves to follow certain legal guidelines. This obviously is contingent upon those laws having some form of righteousness in them. |
One of the main reasons, but not the only one, that Yuong reacted negatively to THE SEER was that Pratt published the wording of the temple sealing ceremony. Pratt did it to stifle rumors about all of the wild and crazy things that Mormons did in the temple, but Brigham thought he went too far. |
With regard to doctrinal disagreements between Brigham Young and Orson Pratt, I recommend Conflict in the Quorum by Gary James Bergera. It’s a bit quote-heavy, but brings the relevant material together in a clear way. Incidentally, in most cases where Orson Pratt disagreed with Brigham Young’s doctrine, the modern LDS church has come down on Pratt’s side. With regard to the eccelsiastical “legality” of civil marriages, it’s interesting to note that in an earlier time, those men receiving their endowment covenanted not to “touch a daughter of Eve, unless she be given [to them] by the Priesthood.” Clearly, the position of the church has eased since then, but the present policy was not always in effect. |
Blows your mind? These old men are just full of air. These are just the ramblings and musings that make little to no sense. What is so thought provoking about these, or any of the other random comments that church leaders make? If you want thought provoking, try philosophy or the classics. |
How about legal authority exists because men come together to form a government, and they get to decide what is necessary for marriage and the legal benefits thereof. If you want the Mormon benefits, go to the mormon temple (which include ugly underwear). |
Tired Mormon – I have, actually, tried philosophy and the classics, and Pratt’s wrestling with issues (about the relationship between the state and religion) that have been floating around since Plato, and that folks like Augustine, Aquinas, and Luther have all dealt with. Pratt’s thoughts are a legitimate contribution to that conversation. If you’d like to talk a bit more about these issues, I’m sure we’d all love to hear your thoughts. Otherwise, you’re not adding much other than straw men and ad hominems. |
So let me get this straight, Pratt is legitimate but Plato Augustine & Aquinas are straw men?!? You may want to reread the classics… There is a reason that people from all cultures and faiths rely on P/A/A for higher understanding and insight. Their works transcend time and break cultural barriers. The only people who read Pratt are the few Mormons whose curiosity about their faith extends further than faith promoting rumors – it is a small, lonely crowd (and each one of them has a blog). Pratt’s illegal governments, celestial vegetables and spirit blood will be consigned to third rate BYU institute classes and “deep doctrine” junkies whose reality is based in little more than the ramblings, musings and hot air from old men who are more interested in running the Morg than imparting sprititual wisdom. Nobody outside the church even knows Pratt’s name. Finally, you might try writing in complete sentences so we can all figure out what the ad hominem you are talking about! (How was that for an ad hominem) |
I think my garments are pretty, they have this nice lace that I find attractive. Tired, are you making the point that the ancient philosophers were more intelligent, learned, or wise than the prophet and his apostles, today? If so, on what basis? What, specifically, did they say that was wiser? I’m assuming you, although identifying yourself as a mormon, are a former Mormon, perhaps a bit bitter? That would color your opinions, don’t you think? The thing I’ve found, going along with your points, is that the general authorities often quote those very philosophers, and seem to use them often as they themselves strive for learning and wisdom. I don’t think they would argue with you much. Another thing I’ve been very gratified about when the GA’s speak is their apparent familiarity with the 12 step programs. As an alcoholic and a charter member of Al-Anon (for families of alcoholics, I qualify all over the place), I haven’t heard anything that conflicts with the current wisdom of dealing in today’s world. Which would make the general authorities both wise in today and yesterday. Sort of. Anything they’ve said you disagree with? And why exactly don’t you like Parley P. Pratt. Wait–Orson! I’m out to lunch. |
Nope, that’s not straight. You’re the one with the straw men; I’m the one who brought up the historic conversations about the relationship between faith and the state that Pratt, along with Plato and the gang, are all participants in. I don’t know that Mormonism’s produced anyone of Plato or Augustine’s caliber yet, but certainly there are a few Mormon figures capable of participating in these sorts of dialogues. And yep, Pratt isn’t as well known as he should be. That’s our own fault, though. Mormons tend to be insular and inward-looking; the tradition’s young yet, though, and I think that the academy’s beginning to look at it again with the seriousness it deserves. And, since you asked, ‘Morg’ = ad hominem. |
You obviously didnt get the joke about ad hominems, whatever. Anyway, thanks for conceding the point. There has not been, nor is their currently, anyone of that caliber. My point remains valid – if you want your mind blown there is a whole world out there to discover. Now, if you want promotion of the Morg (which is Pratt’s point – that only a theocracy is valid and obviously the Church fills that theocratic role) then go to Pratt. And as for the academy…they take Mormon thinkers about as serious as the Smithsonian takes the BoM. I know this because I did a few searches in the old library on the way out of class in philosophy journals and there was NOTHING. And to annegb – the personal attack was a nice touch. But if you really think your underwear is attractive, and that the GA’s are sooo wise because their talks parallel the 12 steps, then I think you need to go back to your AA meetings because you must be drinking again. Man, you guys make me tired. |
I wasn’t attacking you, I was genuinely interested in your perspective. I really wanted to know. I don’t even know what ad hominem means. Nor do I know or care Orson Pratt thinks or doesn’t think. I respect the right of others to think he’s great (ie mind-blowing), just as I respect your right not to think he’s great. But I really do think my white lacy garments are pretty, but maybe that comes from not having underwear at all when I was a child. I appreciate them all the more now, whatever they look like. And I think anyone who understands, discusses, and implements the 12 steps in their life is, yup, wise. True wisdom lies in courtesy and the lowliest truck driver can be wise, but not learned. I honest to God wanted to know more about you. Do you have the stones to let us see you more clearly, aside from your tiredness, which, rest assured, you don’t have the patent on? Where in the heck are you coming from with these opinions and judgements (of my esteemed self, no less). Lucky for you, I have a sense of humor. :) |
Tired Mormon –
The American Academy of Religion has recently organized a Mormon theology section at their annual meeting; the American Society of Church History published an article on Mormon thought in the last issue of its scholarly journal. I can refer you, if you’d like, to a few Mormon themed articles in philosophy journals; right now I’ll just throw out a couple of names – James McLachlan and David Paulsen, who are working on a book that engages Mormon thought with process and open theology. The folks at the Claremont theology school are particularly interested in this at the moment. Anyhow, perhaps you missed my point; there’s not been a Mormon thinker of Augustine or Plato’s caliber yet; this does not mean there will not be. As a school of thought, however, Mormonism is perfectly capable of engaging in dialogue with other intellectual and theological traditions. This is what all of Blake Ostler’s books are doing. I suspect I’m not going to do much to convince you; you’re welcome to respond if you’d like, but I’m not likely to be back in this thread. You can hang out with annegb if you’d like, though. She’s the bee’s knees. |
Cant take the heat then get out of the kitchen, gotcha. Claremont is interested because of rich mormon donors willing to sponsor a chair. They also have chairs in every other religion that ponies up the money. And pointing to random journals and philophical nobodies hardly means that the academy is taking notice – and even you should admit that. My point was that Pratt is just barely interesting to the psuedo-intellectual Mormon crowd and that the philosophical world resounds with mind blowing material – and you haven’t responded to that other than to take issue (unconvincingly as you already noted) with my minor points. What you did was change the subject from “Pratt blows my mind” to “there will be Mormon thinkers who will blow my mind in the future.” You won’t return here and for that I am sad, but we are all so excited to see the next round of mind blowing moments from the desk of Matt B. |